by Dell Sweet (Author) Format: Kindle Edition To my brothers and sisters on the inside, those whose names I whisper in the quiet hours, those who taught me the brutal calculus of survival: may your scars be badges of your strength, and may your eventual release be a sunrise that washes away the long night. This book is a testament to your resilience, a raw whisper from the belly of the beast. It is for the ones who never made it out, whose lives were extinguished by the system, and whose memories serve as a perpetual warning. #Prison #Crime #Survival #Inside
Summers in Upstate New York are beautiful. After the hard winters and sub-zero cold the warm temperatures are like Heaven on Earth. The river and the railroad tracks bisected the city and any given day would find myself and my friends somewhere along one or the other.
The True: True stories from a small town are true stories from that place. From my childhood up through my adulthood. Some heartfelt, some heart rending, some the horrible truth of the life I lived at that time… #NonFiction #Crime #Drama #Thriller #KU #True
by Dell Sweet (Author) Format: Kindle Edition To my brothers and sisters on the inside, those whose names I whisper in the quiet hours, those who taught me the brutal calculus of survival: may your scars be badges of your strength, and may your eventual release be a sunrise that washes away the long night. This book is a testament to your resilience, a raw whisper from the belly of the beast. It is for the ones who never made it out, whose lives were extinguished by the system, and whose memories serve as a perpetual warning. #Prison #Crime #Survival #Inside
The Vietnam War (known in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America or simply the American War) was primarily a conflict between the communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), led by Ho Chi Minh and his successors, and the anti-communist Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), backed initially by France and later by the United States.
North Vietnam sought to reunify the country under a single communist government. Their forces included the regular People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC)—a South Vietnamese communist guerrilla force supported by the North.
South Vietnam sought to maintain its independence as a non-communist state. Their primary military force was the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), heavily supported by U.S. troops and materiel.
The conflict was a major proxy war of the Cold War, with the North supported by the Soviet Union and China, and the South supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.
French Involvement First (The First Indochina War)
French involvement was rooted in nearly a century of colonial rule over Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia).
Colonial Resistance: Following World War II and the Japanese occupation, the French attempted to re-establish their colonial control, but they were met with fierce resistance from the Viet Minh, a nationalist and communist-led independence movement under Ho Chi Minh.
The Defeat: The war between the French and the Viet Minh lasted from 1946 to 1954. The decisive turning point came with the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in May 1954, where the French forces were decisively defeated.
The Geneva Accords (1954): This agreement formally ended French rule and temporarily partitioned Vietnam at the 17th Parallel. The North would be governed by the Viet Minh, and the South by a non-communist regime. Crucially, the accords called for nationwide unification elections in 1956, which were ultimately rejected by the South Vietnamese government (with U.S. backing) because they feared Ho Chi Minh would win. The division became permanent, setting the stage for the Second Indochina War (the Vietnam War).
American Involvement Afterwards (The Vietnam War)
U.S. involvement grew out of the Cold War policy of containment—preventing the spread of communism.
Advisory Role (1950s–Early 1960s): The U.S. initially provided financial and military aid to the French and then to the new South Vietnamese government, installing a series of political leaders, most notably Ngo Dinh Diem. The U.S. presence consisted mainly of military advisors and trainers.
Escalation (Mid-1960s): Following the Gulf of Tonkin Incident in 1964 and the subsequent resolution by Congress, President Lyndon B. Johnson dramatically escalated the U.S. commitment. This marked the shift from an advisory role to large-scale military intervention, including bombing campaigns against North Vietnam and the deployment of hundreds of thousands of combat troops to the South. At its peak, the U.S. had over 500,000 troops in Vietnam.
De-escalation and Withdrawal (Late 1960s–Early 1970s): The 1968 Tet Offensive, though a military defeat for the North, was a psychological and political victory that eroded American public support for the war. President Richard Nixon introduced the policy of Vietnamization, gradually withdrawing U.S. troops while simultaneously training and equipping the ARVN to take over the fighting.
End of War: The Paris Peace Accords were signed in January 1973, leading to the final withdrawal of U.S. combat forces. Fighting continued between North and South Vietnam until April 30, 1975, when North Vietnamese forces captured Saigon, leading to the total collapse of South Vietnam and the reunification of the country under a single communist government.
How many American men (and women) died in that undeclared war?
The total number of U.S. military fatal casualties is 58,220. This figure includes men and women from all branches of the armed services who were killed in action, died from wounds, or were missing in action and declared dead. This number is inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall in Washington, D.C.
How were returning men and women, U.S. Soldiers, treated by the American press and public?
The treatment of returning Vietnam veterans was markedly different from the heroes’ welcomes of previous wars like World War II. It is widely considered one of the most painful legacies of the conflict.
The Press: Television news brought uncensored, graphic images of the war’s brutality and futility directly into American homes. As the press became increasingly critical after major events like the Tet Offensive, the negative narrative about the war often spilled over onto the soldiers themselves. Negative stories focused on drug use, low morale, and atrocities.
The Public: Veterans often returned home to an indifferent or, in some cases, hostile public. The widespread unpopularity of the war meant that anger at the policy and the conflict was often conflated with anger at the soldiers who executed it.
Unlike World War II veterans who received triumphant ticker-tape parades, Vietnam veterans often arrived back individually at quiet airports and were urged to change into civilian clothes quickly.
While the image of veterans being “spit on” has become a powerful and politically useful myth, evidence suggests such incidents were rare. However, what was widespread was a distinct lack of recognition, gratitude, or organized celebration.
Many veterans also struggled with the long-term psychological and physical effects of the war, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which was not widely understood or formally recognized by the medical and veterans communities until years later.
Has it been rebuilt yet? How is Vietnam now…
Rebuilding and Economic Status:
Economic Reform (Đổi Mới): The initial years after reunification (1975–1986) were characterized by economic struggles due to the imposition of a centrally planned, socialist economy, internal political repression, and a U.S. trade embargo. In 1986, the Communist Party of Vietnam introduced sweeping economic reforms known as Đổi Mới (Renovation).
Current Status: Vietnam has undergone a remarkable transformation. It has shifted from one of the world’s poorest countries to a lower-middle-income country with a dynamic, market-oriented economy. It is now a major global manufacturing hub and is largely considered rebuilt, economically speaking, having integrated fully into the global economy.
Is it a free country now?
Political Status:
Vietnam is not considered a free country by international standards; it is a one-party state ruled by the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV).
While the constitution guarantees fundamental rights, in practice, the CPV maintains tight control over political life, the media, and religious organizations.
The government has cracked down on dissent and limits freedoms of expression and assembly. While economic and social life is much more open than in the post-war decades, the political system remains authoritarian.
In summary, Vietnam is a nation that is economically thriving and fully rebuilt, but it operates under a centralized, single-party political system that restricts democratic freedoms. Relations with the United States are robust and have transitioned from adversaries to increasingly strategic partners.
The Streets By Wendell Sweet One evening, I found myself back at the scene of the car accident—the snow-covered road where my life nearly ended. The scars on my body served as tangible reminders of that brutal night; the emotional scars were far deeper. The silence was deafening, broken only by the occasional rustle of the wind. The cold night air, the harsh sounds of snow crunching under my boots; it all was reminiscent of the night that would nearly cost my life. Standing there, I felt a wave of sadness, a flicker of the old fear, but it quickly subsided. The trauma was still there, woven into the fabric of my being, but it no longer controlled me. I had faced it, processed it, and emerged stronger.#True #NonFiction #Crime #Memoir #Kindle #KU Kindle:
Sex on the Streets My aunt lived in that area, and we were taken there daily. I can remember her telling me that I had to do everything she said. Listen, practice. #Sex #ChildAbuse #SexualAssault #StreetLife
One evening, I found myself back at the scene of the car accident—the snow-covered road where my life nearly ended. The scars on my body served as tangible reminders of that brutal night; the emotional scars were far deeper. The silence was deafening, broken only by the occasional rustle of the wind. The cold night air, the harsh sounds of snow crunching under my boots; it all was reminiscent of the night that would nearly cost my life. Standing there, I felt a wave of sadness, a flicker of the old fear, but it quickly subsided. The trauma was still there, woven into the fabric of my being, but it no longer controlled me. I had faced it, processed it, and emerged stronger.#True #NonFiction #Crime #Memoir #Kindle #KU Kindle:
The Somber Sound of Seattle: A Deep Dive into Alice in Chains
Alice in Chains stands as one of the most distinctive and influential bands to emerge from the early 1990s Seattle grunge movement. While often lumped in with their peers like Nirvana, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden, Alice in Chains carved out a unique sonic identity, characterized by dark, sludgy riffs, unconventional song structures, and the haunting, often harmonized vocals of Layne Staley and Jerry Cantrell. Their music was a raw, unflinching exploration of pain, addiction, and despair, resonating deeply with a generation and leaving an indelible mark on hard rock and metal.
Formation and Early Days
The band’s genesis traces back to Seattle in 1987. The core creative partnership of Alice in Chains was forged between guitarist and vocalist Jerry Cantrell and drummer Sean Kinney. Cantrell, who had been in a band called Diamond Lie, was searching for a new project and a new voice. He met Layne Staley, a charismatic and talented singer who at the time was fronting a glam metal band called Alice N’ Chains. Cantrell, impressed by Staley’s powerful and unique vocal style, was determined to get him into his new band.
The story of how Cantrell and Kinney convinced Staley to join is a testament to their persistence. Staley was involved in a funk band at the time, and Cantrell and Kinney devised a plan to subtly pressure him. They would hold “mock auditions” for a lead singer, intentionally bringing in terrible vocalists to make Staley realize he was the only one they truly wanted. The final straw came when they auditioned a male stripper, which prompted Staley to finally agree to join. With Staley on board, and after recruiting bassist Mike Starr, the new quartet solidified their lineup. They adopted a slightly modified version of Staley’s old band’s name, becoming Alice in Chains.
The band quickly gained traction in the Seattle music scene. Their sound, a potent blend of heavy metal, doom, and hard rock with a bluesy foundation, set them apart. They signed with Columbia Records in 1989 and released their debut EP, We Die Young, in 1990, followed by their first full-length album, Facelift, later that same year. The album’s second single, “Man in the Box,” with its iconic, guttural vocal harmonies and unsettling lyrics, catapulted them into the mainstream.
Principal Members
The classic lineup of Alice in Chains consisted of four key musicians, each bringing a crucial element to the band’s sound:
Layne Staley (Lead Vocals): Staley was the undeniable voice of Alice in Chains’ original era. His raw, emotive delivery and distinctive vocal harmonies with Cantrell were the cornerstone of the band’s sound. He was a deeply poetic lyricist, often exploring themes of pain, isolation, and addiction with brutal honesty. His struggle with drug addiction would become a central, tragic part of the band’s story.
Jerry Cantrell (Guitar/Vocals): As the primary songwriter and guitarist, Cantrell was the musical architect of Alice in Chains. His guitar work was characterized by its sludgy, downtuned heaviness and a unique, often unsettling dissonance. He also became an increasingly important co-lead vocalist, with his bluesy, slightly more melodic singing providing a perfect counterpoint to Staley’s more aggressive style.
Mike Starr (Bass): The original bassist, Mike Starr was a foundational member of the band. His heavy, driving basslines provided the low-end groove for the band’s early albums. He was replaced by Mike Inez in 1993, with his departure often attributed to his own struggles with addiction.
Sean Kinney (Drums): Kinney’s drumming was known for its powerful, dynamic, and often unconventional approach. He eschewed simple beats for complex fills and a propulsive, energetic style that anchored the band’s sound.
After Starr’s departure, Mike Inez took over on bass in 1993 and has been with the band ever since. Following the tragic death of Layne Staley, the band went on a long hiatus before reuniting in the mid-2000s with William DuVall sharing lead vocal and rhythm guitar duties with Cantrell.
Their Top-Rated Songs
Alice in Chains’ discography is filled with critically acclaimed tracks and fan favorites. While a definitive list is subjective, several songs stand out as their most iconic and influential:
“Man in the Box” (from Facelift, 1990): The song that broke the band, “Man in the Box” is a masterclass in mood and atmosphere. Its chugging riff and Staley’s unforgettable vocal melody—which he has famously described as a “wordless howl”—make it a staple of rock radio and a defining song of the grunge era.
“Rooster” (from Dirt, 1992): A deeply personal and powerful track written by Jerry Cantrell, “Rooster” is one of the band’s most emotional songs. Its slow, brooding verses and explosive chorus perfectly convey the song’s heavy subject matter.
“Would?” (from the Singles soundtrack, 1992): Written in tribute to the late Mother Love Bone frontman Andrew Wood, “Would?” is a haunting and melodic track that showcases the band’s softer side while still maintaining their trademark gloom. It is widely considered one of their finest works.
“Down in a Hole” (from Dirt, 1992): A sprawling, beautiful, and somber ballad, “Down in a Hole” is a perfect example of the band’s ability to craft a powerful acoustic-leaning song. It highlights the stunning vocal harmonies between Staley and Cantrell.
“Nutshell” (from Jar of Flies, 1994): While Jar of Flies is an acoustic EP, “Nutshell” is one of the band’s most chilling and poignant songs. Staley’s pained, heartfelt delivery and the song’s stripped-down nature create a powerful sense of raw vulnerability that has made it a fan favorite.
What the Song “Rooster” Was About
“Rooster” is one of Alice in Chains’ most well-known and emotionally resonant songs, and its meaning is deeply personal to Jerry Cantrell. The song was written about his father, Jerry Cantrell Sr., who served two tours of duty in the Vietnam War. “Rooster” was his father’s childhood nickname.
The lyrics of the song are written from the perspective of a soldier in the jungle, reflecting on the horrors and trauma of combat. Cantrell wrote the song as a way to understand and process his father’s experiences, which had a profound impact on their relationship and family life. The song’s slow, militaristic drum beat, heavy riffs, and Staley’s harrowing vocals create a powerful, cinematic soundscape that captures the feeling of isolation and terror in the battlefield.
In interviews, Cantrell has stated that writing “Rooster” was a form of therapy and the beginning of a healing process with his father. Cantrell Sr. was a consultant on the song’s music video, and it was through this process that he finally began to open up and talk about his experiences in Vietnam with his son. The song stands as a powerful tribute to all Vietnam veterans and a testament to the lasting psychological scars of war.
What Happened to Their Singer
The tragic story of Layne Staley is inextricably linked to the history of Alice in Chains. For much of his career, Staley struggled with a severe and public battle with drug addiction, specifically heroin. His addiction began to take a toll on his health and professional life in the mid-1990s, leading to the band’s extended hiatus and eventual decline.
Following their last tour in 1996, Staley became a recluse, rarely leaving his Seattle condo. His health deteriorated rapidly, and he lost contact with most of his friends and family. The band was effectively put on hold as he battled his addiction, and although they would perform a few one-off shows, they never recorded another studio album with him.
On April 5, 2002, Staley’s life came to a tragic end. He was found dead in his home from a lethal overdose of a speedball—a combination of heroin and cocaine. His body was not discovered for two weeks. He was just 34 years old. His death was a devastating loss for the music world and a grim culmination of a long and painful decline. The legacy of Alice in Chains’ original era is forever marked by the brilliance and sorrow of their lead singer, a man who, with brutal honesty, sang about the very demons that would ultimately claim his life.
